3 results
Effects of Virtual Reality Simulation on Worker Emergency Evacuation of Neonates
- Sharon Farra, Eric Hodgson, Elaine T. Miller, Nathan Timm, Whittney Brady, Matt Gneuhs, Jun Ying, Jackie Hausfeld, Emily Cosgrove, Ashley Simon, Michael Bottomley
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- Journal:
- Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / April 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 October 2018, pp. 301-308
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- Article
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Objective
This study examined differences in learning outcomes among newborn intensive care unit (NICU) workers who underwent virtual reality simulation (VRS) emergency evacuation training versus those who received web-based clinical updates (CU). Learning outcomes included a) knowledge gained, b) confidence with evacuation, and c) performance in a live evacuation exercise.
MethodsA longitudinal, mixed-method, quasi-experimental design was implemented utilizing a sample of NICU workers randomly assigned to VRS training or CUs. Four VRS scenarios were created that augmented neonate evacuation training materials. Learning was measured using cognitive assessments, self-efficacy questionnaire (baseline, 0, 4, 8, 12 months), and performance in a live drill (baseline, 12 months). Data were collected following training and analyzed using mixed model analysis. Focus groups captured VRS participant experiences.
ResultsThe VRS and CU groups did not statistically differ based upon the scores on the Cognitive Assessment or perceived self-efficacy. The virtual reality group performance in the live exercise was statistically (P<.0001) and clinically (effect size of 1.71) better than that of the CU group.
ConclusionsTraining using VRS is effective in promoting positive performance outcomes and should be included as a method for disaster training. VRS can allow an organization to train, test, and identify gaps in current emergency operation plans. In the unique case of disasters, which are low-volume and high-risk events, the participant can have access to an environment without endangering themselves or clients. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:301–308)
Chapter 8 - Integrated Analysis
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- By Michele Panzavolta, University of Leuven, Dorris de Vocht, Maastricht University, Jackie Hodgson, Vicky Kemp, University of Nottingham, Miet Vanderhallen, Maastricht University, Marc van Oosterhout, Maastricht University
- Edited by Miet Vanderhallen, Marc Van Oosterhout, Michele Panzavolta, Dorris de Vocht
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- Book:
- Interrogating Young Suspects II
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 21 September 2018
- Print publication:
- 04 January 2016, pp 305-384
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
The empirical study carried out in the five jurisdictions aimed to explore the nature of the interrogation of juveniles. Its goal was to examine to what extent the practice lives up to the existing legal frameworks, and, where possible, highlight good practices in the protection of the juvenile suspect during interrogation.
Merging the national findings of the empirical studies was indeed a difficult endeavour, not only for methodological reasons. The national experiences proved to be significantly different from one another, as they are inevitably affected by the surrounding legal framework and culture of each system. Nonetheless it was possible to highlight some recurrent themes in all the countries. In this respect it is important to observe from the outset that there is at times significant convergence in the experiences and opinions of the same group of respondents participating in the focus group interviews. The common function performed by the interviewees (or, in the cases of juveniles, the common experience of coming into contact with the criminal justice system) gives rise to experiences that are sufficiently similar to be compared across countries. The present chapter is intended to offer a comparative transversal overview of these different experiences and, insofar as possible, to combine the national findings into an integrated perspective.
The combined analysis also required that the empirical findings be tested against the underlying legal framework. The testing has been done according to a two-tier process: first, the relevant empirical findings have been measured against the national framework. Then, the transversal findings – which are presented in this chapter – have been evaluated in light of the differences/ commonalities between legal systems that had been highlighted during the legal study, presenting an integrated analysis in a legal thematic way. Inevitably, this chapter will summarise this process and only where relevant the empirical findings and the analysis will be discussed in light of the substantive legal findings.
The chapter is structured as follows. First it looks in general at the treatment of juveniles (paragraph 8.2), then it deals with the findings concerning the way in which juveniles are informed of their rights (paragraph 8.3). Next it formulates some reflections on the difficulties concerning the (lack of) assessment of the juvenile's maturity, health and fitness to be interrogated (8.4). The following paragraph (8.5) looks into the topic of assistance, first by a lawyer then by an appropriate adult (hereafter: AA).
Chapter 2 - Research Methodology
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- By Miet Vanderhallen, Maastricht University, Jackie Hodgson
- Edited by Miet Vanderhallen, Marc Van Oosterhout, Michele Panzavolta, Dorris de Vocht
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- Book:
- Interrogating Young Suspects II
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 21 September 2018
- Print publication:
- 04 January 2016, pp 7-54
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- Chapter
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the approach of the empirical study as well as the integrated analysis of the legal and empirical findings, which in turn enabled us to develop a set of proposed minimum rules informed by both law and practice. Providing a minimum level of effective legal protection for juvenile suspects depends not only on a proper legal framework being in place but also on good practices that address the nature of the vulnerability of juvenile suspects. The objective of the empirical study was to gain insight into the extent to which practices live up to the domestic legal frameworks of the five countries which are described in detail in volume I (Belgium, England & Wales, Italy, Netherlands and Poland). Additionally, the empirical study was aimed at identifying good practices in these jurisdictions, with a view to developing improved standards and safeguards which could be implemented across the EU. As discussed in volume I, this objective should be seen against the background of current legislative developments at the EU level which have led to the tabling of a draft Directive on procedural safeguards for children suspected or accused in criminal proceedings. In order to achieve these improved EU wide standards and safeguards, it was necessary to understand how legal actors deal with the interrogation of juvenile suspects, which factors drive their behaviour, and how juvenile suspects are dealt with more generally. In addition to the examination of the practices of legal actors, the study also focused on the experiences of the juvenile suspect who is being interrogated, in order to grasp the interaction between all parties involved, and to understand the behaviour of the young person as a vulnerable suspect. In this way, the empirical study also sought to identify the nature of the possible vulnerability of juvenile suspects when being interrogated and how legal procedural protections might be most effective in providing protection, where necessary.
The empirical study started from the findings of the comparative legal study which suggested a two-stage approach to the empirical study. First, the type of interrogation needed to be selected. The legal study showed that whilst some countries dealt with juvenile suspects simply by way of police interrogation, others adopted different or mixed models, involving prosecutors, judges and the family court, as well as criminal proceedings.